Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company records certain financial and non-financial assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Market or observable inputs are the preferred sources of values, followed by assumptions based on hypothetical transactions in the absence of market inputs. Fair value measurements are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 – Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 – Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.
Valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs are favored. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the placement of assets and liabilities within the levels of the fair value hierarchy. Reclassifications of fair value between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, if applicable, are made at the end of each quarter.
Financial assets and liabilities
The following tables summarize the Company’s financial and non-financial assets and liabilities by valuation level as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets:
Derivative instruments $ —  $ 134,149  $ — 
Contingent consideration arrangement —  —  2,700 
Total assets $ —  $ 134,149  $ 2,700 
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments $ —  $ 60,376  $ — 
December 31, 2023
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets:
Derivative instruments $ —  $ 280,792  $ — 
Contingent consideration arrangement —  —  2,900 
Total assets $ —  $ 280,792  $ 2,900 
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments $ —  $ 40,565  $ — 
The Company estimates the fair value of all derivative instruments using industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including current market and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, implied volatility, time value, nonperformance risk, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument and can be supported by observable data.
The Company's SCOOP water infrastructure sale, which closed in the first quarter of 2020, included a contingent consideration arrangement. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the contingent consideration was $2.7 million, of which $0.1 million is included in prepaid expenses and other assets and $2.6 million is included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement is calculated using discounted cash flow techniques and is based on internal estimates of the Company's future development program and water production levels. Given the unobservable nature of the inputs, the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration arrangement is deemed to use Level 3 inputs. The Company records changes in fair value in earnings. The Company recognized an immaterial gain for each the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 with respect to this contingent consideration arrangement. The Company did not recognize a gain or loss for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and recognized a loss of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, with respect to this contingent consideration arrangement. These fair value changes are included in other expense (income) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Non-financial assets and liabilities
The initial measurement of asset retirement obligations at fair value is calculated using discounted cash flow techniques and based on internal estimates of future retirement costs associated with oil and gas properties. Given the unobservable nature of the inputs, including plugging costs and reserve lives, the initial measurement of the asset retirement obligation liability is deemed to use Level 3 inputs. See Note 2 for further discussion of the Company’s asset retirement obligations.
Fair value of other financial instruments
The carrying amounts on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates market value due to their short-term nature. Long-term debt related to the Company's Credit Facility is carried at cost, which approximates market value based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company with similar terms and maturities.