Stock-Based Compensation |
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| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-Based Compensation | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Company adopted the 2005 Plan in January 2005. The 2005 Plan was amended and restated in April 2013 with the 2013 Plan. During 2019, the Company further amended and restated the 2013 Plan with the 2019 Plan. The 2019 Plan provides for grants of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted awards (restricted stock and restricted stock units) and performance awards to employees, consultants and directors of the Company that, in aggregate, do not exceed 12,500,000 shares. The 2019 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company's board of directors (the "Committee"). Among other responsibilities, the Committee selects individuals to receive awards and establishes the terms of awards. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has awarded an aggregate of 7,630,554 restricted stock units and 840,595 performance vesting restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan.
During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 the Company’s stock-based compensation cost was $16.3 million, $10.7 million and $11.3 million, respectively, of which the Company capitalized $2.9 million, $5.8 million and $4.5 million, respectively, relating to its exploration and development efforts. Stock compensation costs, net of the amounts capitalized, are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes restricted stock unit and performance vesting restricted stock unit activity for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units awarded under the 2019 Plan generally vest over a period of one year in the case of directors and three years in the case of employees and vesting is dependent upon the recipient meeting applicable service requirements. Stock-based compensation costs are recorded ratably over the service period. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units represents the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. Unrecognized compensation expense as of December 31, 2020 related to outstanding restricted stock units was $5.2 million. The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.31 years.
Performance Vesting Restricted Stock Units
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company awarded performance vesting restricted stock units to certain of its executive officers under the 2019 Plan. The number of shares of common stock issued pursuant to the award will be based on Relative Total Shareholder Return ("RTSR"). RTSR is an incentive measure whereby participants will earn from 0% to 200% of the target award based on the Company’s RTSR ranking compared to the RTSR of the companies in the Company’s designated peer group at the end of the performance period. Awards will be earned and vested over a performance period measured from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021, subject to earlier termination of the performance period in the event of a change in control. The grant date fair value was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method and is being recorded ratably over the performance period. Expected volatilities utilized in the Monte Carlo model were estimated using a historical period consistent with the remaining performance period of approximately two years. The risk-free interest rates were based on the U.S. Treasury rate for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant. The Company assumed a range of risk-free interest rates of 1.56% to 2.42% and a range of expected volatilities of 29.1% to 85.1% to estimate the fair value of performance vesting units granted during the year ended December 31, 2020. Unrecognized compensation expense as of December 31, 2020 related to performance vesting restricted stock units was $1.4 million. The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.27 years.
Cash Incentive Awards
On March 16, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Company's 2020 Incentive Plan (the "2020 Incentive Plan"). The 2020 Incentive Plan provided for incentive compensation opportunities ("Incentive Awards") for select employees of the Company that were tied to the achievement of one or more performance goals relating to certain financial and operational metrics over a period of time. During March 2020, the Company awarded Incentive Awards to certain of its executive officers under the 2020 Incentive Plan. The cash amount of each award to be ultimately received was based on the attainment of certain financial, operational and total shareholder return performance targets and was subject to the recipient's
continuous employment. The Incentive Awards were considered liability awards as the ultimate amount of the award was based, at least in part, on the price of the Company's shares, and as such, were remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period. In August 2020 all previous unpaid amounts related to the Incentive Awards issued under the 2020 Incentive Plan were canceled and replaced with cash retention incentives, as discussed below.
2020 Compensation Adjustments
On August 4, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a redesign of the incentive compensation program for the Company's workforce, including for its current named executive officers. In connection with a comprehensive review of the Company’s compensation programs and in consultation with its independent compensation consultant and legal advisors, the Board of Directors determined that significant changes were appropriate to retain and motivate the Company’s employees as a result of the ongoing uncertainty and unprecedented disruption in the oil and gas industry.
All unpaid amounts previously awarded pursuant to the 2020 Incentive Plan and all restricted stock units granted in March 2020 to the Company's named executive officers were cancelled and replaced with cash retention incentives. These cash retention incentives are equally weighted between achievement of certain specified performance metrics and a service period. Of the cash retention incentives, 50% may be clawed back on an after-tax basis if an executive officer terminates employment for any reason other than a qualifying termination prior to the earlier of July 31, 2021, a change in control or completion of a restructuring, and the remaining 50% will be subject to repayment on an after-tax basis if established performance metrics are not met over performance periods from August 1, 2020 through July 31, 2021. In total, $13.5 million in cash retention incentives were paid to the Company's executives in August 2020.
The transactions were considered a modification to the previously issued equity- and liability-classified awards, and the previously issued equity-classified awards were reclassified as liability awards. The after-tax value of the cash incentives paid to the Company's executives of $3.6 million as of December 31, 2020 was capitalized to prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and will be amortized over the remaining service period. The Company immediately expensed the difference between the cash and after-tax value of the prepaid cash incentives of $4.8 million, which is not subject to the clawback provisions, and recognized an additional $1.5 million in stock compensation expense to adjust for the difference in cash retention amounts paid and expense previously recognized on the modified awards at the modification date.
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